Freedom of expression and access to information to fight corruption and promote good governance
Why is this evidence
The cosmic external developments in the media field and the amazing revolution in the field of communication and information technology, which crystallized in the field of communication and information in a giant structure spreading like a spider web and embodied in the direct broadcast satellite networks and international information networks, to the end of the culture of secrecy.
The intermarriage between both communication and information technology in the 1990s resulted in the emergence of what is now known as multi-media communication that is based on the development of computers in its fifth generation, and the current communication technology is based on several foundations that include wired and wireless communications that include telegraph – telex – remote printer Radio, television, remote sensing and microwave, satellites, electronic computers, optical fibers, and laser beams, and this interference has also resulted in the emergence of the information and communication highway intended to put all technologies in terms of communication and information from the phone, television, computer, satellites, satellite dishes, cables and waves in One system is dedicated to serving individuals and societies. For example, the intermarriage between satellites to transmit sound and image, and the intermarriage between them and information systems with their extraordinary capabilities resulted in the use of new patterns in television communication, and communication and information technology was subject to mechanisms, and the market law that originated in the countries of the North, namely the free and open market mechanisms and turned into trade Profitable it controlled and monopolized
Manufactured by multinational giants to the extent that the press in the United States of America itself came under intense criticism because it is no longer free as a result of the multinationals’ control of the media and that concentration and monopoly reached a rate with which the plurality and diversity of newspapers cannot be achieved since only 2% Of the American newspapers owned by individuals or فت% are subject to the ownership of monopolies, and the dominant ideology in the Nordic countries was reflected in the movement of information and communication and has today become an integral part of the total ideological building of the capitalist system in the context of the current historical stage, it is mainly affected by the political economy Of contemporary capitalism and postmodern doctrines. This is evidenced by the breadth of e-commerce, where the process of transferring from one currency to another is taking place in a jiffy as well as transactions on international exchanges, and the result of the North’s monopoly on the movement of information circulation was that the existing and ongoing imbalance in this movement between the countries of the North and the South appeared, and led to Creating a new type of communicative class, as the world is divided into two categories: the fiber-optic class or the commercial media class that will provide much superior information services to the able-rich class who will enjoy the enormous capacity of optical communications. It is now possible for them to strip themselves of the harmful effects left by passive receiving covenants, and from their sites, in their homes, or their offices. Good luck will implement the sources of information and knowledge that they interact with in a fruitful dialogue that increases their capabilities and maximizes their opportunities, or in other words, the communication networks will put the world in their hands. Or the second category, the world is above its head, it is the category of satellites or transmitters of negative media that broadcast to the poor what they like to broadcast
Increase in these miserable, negative, alienation, and coercion, so they have no judgment about what they receive or are given to them. This imbalance has led the General Conference of UNESCO in its twenty-first session held in Belgrade to call for the elimination of imbalances and disparities that characterize the current global situation in the field of media and communication, as well as removing the negative effects of public and private monopolies and overcoming internal and external obstacles that Preventing free circulation and the wider and more balanced spread of information and ideas. Thus, the term free flow has changed to a free and balanced flow in the light of preserving pluralism and diversity and helping developing countries achieve their goals in the field of media freedom and communication by developing their capabilities to reach improving their status, while respecting The cultural identity of each nation, and the social, political, cultural and economic conditions vary from one country to another. The results of this development were: 1 – that national governments are losing control of their own national contacts.
2- The process of circulating information is taking place at the global level and the force in which it is controlled and manufactured is a force outside the control of the state. This has led, so to speak, to establish an international system based on achieving the economic interests of transnational corporations that are not responsible to the country in which they operate, and that these companies will make people everywhere just consumers of images, ideas and products.
3- The technology of communication and information contributes to the domination of the rich country over the world politically, economically, culturally and informally.
4- There is a danger to the cultural and national identity of each country due to the cultural penetration of Western cultures. 5- The increased capabilities of the media tool and the abundance of information, especially in political matters, led to the disappearance of the barrier of secrecy with regard to political information. The political system is no longer able to hide information, because what it hides Inside it is possible to obtain it from abroad 6- The modern technology means violating the right to protect the private life of citizens as a result of accurate technical innovations such as hearing, recording and remote photography. تعد- The multiplicity and diversity of the content of political, economic and social media. 8- The increase in the influence of the media men on the political process, which led to the intertwining relations between politicians and the media. – These external global developments in the media field are affecting the political process, institutional systems, economic and social relations, and internal culture. These are some of the results of the tremendous development in the field of current communication technology, even though we see it as a natural product of democratic development and a reflection of the dominant ideology in the unipolar world after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and it does not call for the situation to remain as it is, but rather requires reviewing the culture of secrecy that prevails in the Arab world. Reaching the achievement of the free balance of information within Arab societies, because it warns that the matter has been proven without development, which actually threatens the personal and cultural identity and national independence of these countries, but this does not prevent.
